NGrammar: Reported Speech             :

 
 

 

Direct Speech:

Indirect (Reported) Speech:

Reporting verb is present in direct speech: e. g. Tim says: “I am tired.”

 

 Reporting verb is present in indirect speech: e. g. Tim says (that) he is tired” (only pronoun changes!)

Reporting verb is past in direct speech: e. g. Tim said: “I am tired today.”

 

 Reporting verb is past in indirect speech: e. g. Tim said (that) he was tired that day” (pronoun, adverb and tense change!).

  • Present form in direct speech changes to past.
  • Past form in direct speech changes to past perfect.
  • Present perfect form in direct speech changes to past perfect.
  • Future form in direct speech changes to conditional 1.
  • Attention: If something is still true, you do not need to change the verb!
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    Direct questions and direct orders (Examples):

    She asked me: “Are you going to come to my party?”

    He told me: “Stop!”

     Indirect questions and indirect orders (Examples):

    She asked me if I was going to her party.       

    He told me to stop.

     

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